what does subdivision developer need to do.to prep.lots

SUBDIVISION Evolution COSTS

RESIDENTIAL STREET IMPROVEMENTS

Costs for residential street improvements vary greatly due to local code requirements for different materials, street types and layouts, and utilities. The post-obit costs are averages including ordinary charges for engineering, plans and inspection. Costs include contractors' overhead and turn a profit but not developers,' which is realized when each lot or house is sold. They do non include extensive ecology impact reports, special charges (impact or entitlement) or assessments sometimes levied against the subdivider such equally looting charges, or costs of new or existing trunk sewers. They presume that the utilities are at or near the subdivision boundary with no special connexion problems or costs. Single-lot unit costs, industrial access streets or individual cul-de-sac developments can run 30% to 70% higher. Do not utilize these factors to large parking lot paving.

STREET IMPROVEMENTS	Price Range		Average Unit Price	Per Lin. Ft. Typical twoscore' Street
*Grading and surplus disposal, sq. ft.	$ .13 -	$ .36	$ .22	$ 13.xx
*4" rock base, sq. ft.	.42 -	.54	.48	19.20
add or deduct per inch of variation	.06 -	.xi	.08	3.twenty
half dozen" cement treated base, sq. ft.	.55 -	.83	.68	27.twenty
add or deduct per inch of variation	.08 -	.eleven	.09	three.60
*Paving, 4" asphaltic concrete, sq. ft.	i.27 -	one.53	one.39	55.60
add or deduct per inch of variation	.25 -	.32	.28	11.20
Paving, 6" concrete, sq. ft.	ii.03 -	3.37	ii.62	104.80
add or deduct per inch of variation	.26 -	.45	.34	xiii.60
Concrete adjourn 6", no gutter, lin. ft.	5.35 -	nine.75	7.twenty	14.40
*Concrete curb 6", 1' gutter	vii.95 -	12.40	ix.95	19.ninety
Concrete curb half-dozen", two' gutter	9.15 -	xiv.00	11.30	22.60
Concrete adjourn viii", add to 6" costs	.86 -	.97	.91	1.82
Asphalt berm 4", lin. ft.	4.lxx -	5.35	5.00	10.00
Granite curb 5", lin. ft.	20.fifteen -	24.20	22.ten	44.20
Concrete curb, rolled, lin. ft.	4.75 -	7.72	half dozen.06	12.12
*Physical cross gutter, at intersection, sq. ft.	iv.03 -	five.52	4.72	2.36
*Concrete sidewalk, 4" thick, sq. ft.	ii.39 -	iii.75	2.99	23.92
add together or deduct per inch of variation	.26 -	.40	.32	2.56
*Physical aprons, vi" thick, sq. ft.	2.72 -	4.28	3.41	vii.84
add or deduct per inch of variation	.27 -	.41	.33	.76
Sewer primary, 9' boilerplate depth, lin. ft. add together or deduct per foot of depth	.38 -	1.39	.73	.73
*viii" vitrified clay	21.10 -	25.65	23.25	23.25
eight" asbestos cement	13.70 -	eighteen.85	xvi.05	16.05
eight" plastic	xi.05 -	16.xv	xiii.35	13.35
add or deduct per inch of diameter	1.70 -	4.70	2.85	ii.85
Sewer laterals, v' average depth, lin. ft. *4" vitrified clay	10.35 -	12.55	11.40	11.40
6" vitrified clay	14.75 -	xviii.05	16.30	16.30
*Sewer clean outs, 60' o.c., each	403 -	688	525	17.50
*Sewer manholes, 400' o.c., each	1,499 -	2,120	one,785	iv.46
Tempest drainage, lin. ft. eighteen" reinforced physical	36.forty -	46.55	41.15	41.xv
18" corrugated metal	27.00 -	38.50	32.25	32.25
add or deduct per inch of diameter	1.10 -	3.20	one.90	1.xc
Storm manholes, 400' o.c., each	1,499 -	two,507	1,940	iv.85

LIGHTING AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

Water, gas and electric costs vary considerably with local requirements and codes. Frequently all or a portion of the initial cost, maintenance and replacement is included in an assessment or increased utility rate charged to the consumer. Sometimes an additional charge is made in remote or hilly areas for special service or additional equipment. These requirements should exist checked locally. The average costs below are estimate maximum costs for a typical subdivision, all or office of which may be borne by the community or secured against the holding. Some of these costs may be refundable to the developer. Specific piping costs can be institute in Department 62. For full general site clearing and grading, come across Section 51. For septic tanks, encounter Department 53.

PUBLIC UTILITIES	Toll Range		Boilerplate Unit of measurement Cost	Per Lin. Ft. Typical 40' Street
*Water main, vi" ductile iron, lin. ft.	$22.20 -	$25.lxx	$23.90	$23.90
six" asbestos cement	24.35 -	29.30	26.70	26.70
6" steel	24.85 -	29.75	27.20	27.20
6" plastic	15.15 -	19.30	17.x	17.10
add or deduct per inch of bore	one.lx -	4.90	2.eighty	2.eighty
*Water lateral, 1", lin. ft.	9.05 -	xi.35	x.xv	x.fifteen
*H2o meters, 60' o.c., each	145 -	326	215	7.17
*Fire hydrants, 300' o.c., each	1,775 -	ii,714	2,200	7.33
*Gas chief, 2" steel, lin. ft.	8.65 -	9.eighty	9.20	9.twenty
3" steel	eleven.15 -	12.75	11.xc	11.ninety
4" plastic	11.05 -	13.45	12.20	12.xx
*Gas lateral, 3/4", lin. ft.	five.65 -	8.xv	6.lxxx	6.80
Electricity, overhead, on poles, lin. ft.	x.25 -	18.25	13.70	thirteen.70
Electrical lateral, lin. ft.	2.90 -	four.05	3.45	3.45
*Electricity, undercover, in conduit, lin. ft.	12.55 -	xx.45	16.00	16.00
*Electrical lateral, lin. ft.	7.75 -	13.thirty	10.15	10.15
*Telephone lateral, underground	five.55 -	8.lxxx	7.00	7.00
Trench only, lin. ft.	3.25 -	6.75	4.seventy	4.70
Conduit only, lin. ft.	2.90 -	5.95	4.15	four.xv
*Street light, underground
wiring, 200' o.c., each	i,241 -	iv,239	2,300	eleven.50
Street lights, overhead
wiring, 200' o.c., each	827 -	ii,120	i,325	half dozen.63

Grab basins$1,050 to $1,200 plus $235 to $285 per foot of depth.
Physical headwalls$430 plus $l to $eighty per inch of pipe diameter.
Gunite, two" - 3", surfacing for open drains$ 3.10 to $ five.00 per sq. ft.
Soil cement, roads$ .55 to $ .65 per cu. ft.
embankments$ .80 to $ ane.40 per cu. ft.
slopes$ 2.35 to $ four.25 per cu. ft.
Slope protection, netting, mats or fabric$ .05 to $ .lxx per sq. ft.
Street signs, with post$ 80.00 to $270.00 each
Survey monuments$130.00 to $335.00 each

*The toll of complete double-loaded street improvements with the components indicated above totals $280.00 to $335.00 per linear foot of street in ordinary level subdivisions, or from $180.00 to $235.00 per forepart foot of lot, including side street allowance. Costs may run twice as much for extreme hillside conditions.

YARD IMPROVEMENTS

PAVING - DECKING

Typical costs per square human foot, except as otherwise specified. For paved areas between 500 and 1,000 square feet, deduct ten%; i,000 to 3,000 square feet, deduct twenty%. Over iii,000 foursquare feet, use Subdivision costs. Small split pours of 100 square feet or less may run 25% higher. Hand mixed and spread could cost 75% more.
For complete plaza cost, see Open Malls, Section 13.

	Price RANGE
two" asphalt	$ 1.30 -	$ 1.85
add per additional inch	.30 -	.40
ii" aggregate base	.45 -	.70
add per additional inch	.10 -	.13
4" concrete, unreinforced	2.85 -	4.30
add or deduct per inch of variation	.25 -	.xl
add together for mesh reinforcing	.25 -	.65
bar reinforcing	.xxx -	1.50
exposed aggregate	.50 -	1.85
brick ribbons	.60 -	ii.x
detectable warning surface (ADA), stamped	one.fifty -	3.35
decorative pattern finish, stamped	three.40 -	6.70
surface formed	2.75 -	v.10
sparse-ready synthetic overlay	4.15 -	9.30
colour or grits	.45 -	.90
epoxy with stone or vanquish	3.00 -	iv.25
salt end (cool deck)	.27 -	.45
deck aqueduct bleed and grate, per lin. ft.	9.30 -	36.twenty
take hold of basins, small, upwards to 24", each	165.60 -	336.40
4" sand base	.sixty -	.ninety
iv" gravel base	.70 -	ane.00
add or deduct per inch of variation	.thirteen -	.17
add for 1" stone grit base	.14 -	.23
Open grid blocks for grass on sand base of operations	four.15 -	v.70
Asphalt block pavers on concrete base*	5.fifty -	9.x
Brick on physical base of operations, grouted, flat*	7.25 -	11.75
on edge	10.25 -	17.50
Concrete pavers on concrete base*	six.25 -	10.25
Flagstone on concrete base, grouted*	8.25 -	14.50
Tile, quarry on concrete base of operations*	7.25 -	10.fifty
*For sand bed in identify of concrete, deduct	1.80 -	3.35
Snowfall melting, including controls, electric	8.00 -	9.50
hydronic, large areas (excluding heat source)	iv.15 -	11.25
Forest, on class (posts, beams and joists not included) 2" x iv" flat	3.80 -	vi.20
2" x 4" on edge	5.80 -	nine.30
Steps on basis, per lin. ft. of tread, brick on concrete	29.00 -	59.25
physical	22.00 -	37.00
Approach apron, physical	3.35 -	5.50
Concrete curb, 4" - half dozen", per lin. foot	vii.60 -	11.85
Physical sidewalk	3.05 -	iv.65
Handicap ramps, sidewalks (retrofit, add together 400%)	4.45 -	seven.00
buildings, physical (remodel, add 200%)	13.25 -	26.50
add for railing, per lin. ft.	24.75 -	34.75
woods	17.00 -	24.l
add for railing, per lin. ft.	nine.75 -	20.75
for portable ramps, encounter Department 58.
For synthetic surfaces, pathways, see Department 67. Special stone paving, come across Department 56.

RAISED PATIO DECKS

Typical toll ranges per square foot of deck expanse, including supports. For custom installations with complex shapes, born planters and seats can run fifty% to 100% more.

TYPE	<=25 Sq. Ft.		l Sq. Ft.		100 Sq. Ft.		>=300 Sq. Ft.
Decks:
softwood, fir, pine, etc.	$xvi.50 -	$18.25	$12.25 -	$xiii.50	$ 8.75 -	$10.00	$5.50 -	$6.21
cedar, redwood or metallic	22.25 -	24.75	17.00 -	19.00	13.00 -	14.75	8.50 -	9.83
Railings:
softwood, fir, pine, etc.	3.95 -	iv.thirty	2.65 -	2.90	ane.65 -	1.95	.85 -	1.xiv
cedar, redwood or metal	5.50 -	half-dozen.05	three.75 -	4.15	two.65 -	2.85	1.45 -	1.55
Steps:
softwood, fir, pine, etc.	5.10 -	five.l	2.40 -	two.85	one.35 -	1.45	.40 -	.52
cedar, redwood or metal	7.50 -	8.30	3.65 -	iv.10	1.ninety -	2.05	.60 -	.69
For each foot of pinnacle above 3 feet, increment costs by 5%. For treated softwoods increase cost by 25%. For wood polymer composite, add thirty% to softwood costs. For vinyl and tropical hardwoods, add v% to 15% to cedar/redwood costs.

PATIO ROOF
(Typical costs per square foot of covered area, including supports)

TYPE	COST RANGE
Canopy, cloth	$ 7.fifty -	$ 16.75
Aluminum or steel, baked enamel	v.00 -	9.25
Fiberglass or screen only	three.50 -	six.75
Wood, including congenital-upward, composition	6.00 -	fourteen.25
Open lattice, metallic, vinyl or woods	4.00 -	11.75
Architectural columns, open lattice or trellis	16.75 -	57.00
Picnic shelters	xi.25 -	28.00
Add together for insulated metallic panels	2.50 -	iii.25
Add for lighting fixtures, each	55.00 -	150.00
For Carports, run across Department 63 or Section 12. For small Prefabricated Storage Structures, see Section 63 or Department 17.

PATIO ENCLOSURES

Typical cost ranges per linear pes of wall, 84" high, including 1 exterior door. Utilize high end of range for insulated panels or knee walls. Add together for roof above.

Glassine windows	$51.25 -	$ 90.00
Acrylic windows	84.75 -	106.00
Screened but, fiberglass	17.50 -	28.l
steel or aluminum	28.00 -	37.00
bronze	36.25 -	53.75
Add together for actress door, each	67.00 -	134.00
GAZEBOS: Typical cost each for eight' to twenty' wood units including minimal foundation but excluding floors. Standard	$ one,175 -	$ 8,550
Deluxe	10,250 -	28,000
For Solar rooms and greenhouses, see Section 64. Pool enclosures, see Section 67.
TEMPLES: Typical cost each, 8' to 12' loftier (to bottom of dome) cast rock units with top ring up to 12' in diameter. Cost does non include floors or other ornamentation.	$xi,500 -	$31,000
Add for fiberglass dome	3,350 -	5,950
Add for masonry paver flooring with no steps	2,350 -	iv,650
Add for floor with steps	2,600 -	5,950
PAVILIONS: Typical cost each for bandage stone units	17,250 -	41,500
For private stone columns, see Department 56. For finials, urns, statuary, encounter Page 7.

YARD IMPROVEMENTS

SURFACE PARKING LOTS

The post-obit are based on a price per space and boilerplate area per infinite including cobblestone paving, physical aprons, striping, some lighting, landscaping and drainage. Older lots, sized for large cars, or lots designed for much in and out traffic tend toward the higher areas per space, while newer lots sized for smaller cars, or lots designed for maximum employee parking tend toward the lower terminate of the range. Costs will vary depending on the extent of grading, paving, lighting and other amenities required.

Open up lot costs will vary significantly by size and civilities. Add together but those components that employ and which tin be mixed by quality. Reduce costs by 5% for every 100 cars over 200. For example, a minor retail lot for 15 cars will exist at the loftier end of the scale, while a 500-automobile lot will be at the low cease minus xv%. Utilise proportional costs to boosted paved areas beyond the typical area per space.

	Depression	AVG.	GOOD	EXCL.
Engineering science - plans, survey, permits, etc.	$ 50	$ lx	$ 80	$ 100
Grading - rough and finished	45	55	65	85
Drainage	95	105	120	135
Paving - spaces and drives	375	470	610	770
Pavement marking - striping and bumpers	10	15	25	forty
Buildings - ticket booths	15	fifteen	twenty	25
Electrical - lighting and wiring	105	115	130	140
Miscellaneous - landscaping, fencing, signs, etc.	85	95	115	130
Cost per car space	$780	$930	$1,165	$i,425
Basement parking, meet Section 11. For parking structures, see Section fourteen.
Average area per parking infinite	LOW	AVG.	GOOD	HIGH
Foursquare feet	$ 285	$ 315	$ 345	$ 380

PARKING LOT EQUIPMENT

	COST RANGE
Automatic pay station	$61,500 -	$84,250
Automatic ticket dispenser	5,750 -	8,550
with ticket reading machine	ten,100 -	11,375
Gate operator, fundamental	625 -	775
card	875 -	1,150
coin	1,750 -	iii,625
Fee indicator, inside	ane,675 -	2,000
outside	2,000 -	2,325
Gate arm, automated, 1 mode	2,900 -	3,875
two fashion	3,500 -	4,150
Traffic detectors, magnetic, each	600 -	875
For entry grills and gates, see Section 55. For toll booths, guard houses, encounter Section 64.

PARKING LOT IMPROVEMENTS

Asphalt blanket, overlay, per sq. ft.	$ .50 -	$ 1.fifteen
reseal	.xi -	.28
Parking lot striping, per automobile	iv.40 -	6.xx
handicap stall, each	100.00 -	195.00
Parking bumpers, precast concrete, per lin. pes	3.35 -	5.70
forest	3.ten -	6.45
plastic	four.40 -	9.05
Sign, for handicap stall, on pole, each	140.00 -	225.00
wall mounted	l.00 -	85.00
painted on surface	xxx.00 -	65.00
Speed bumps, 10" broad, plastic, per lin. foot	13.lxx -	21.xx
Metal guard rail, piping or posts, per lin. human foot	14.75 -	27.45
Barrier posts or poles, each	70.00 -	215.00

FLAGPOLES

Costs are for tapered aluminum flagpoles, including physical foundation, base, external halyard, aluminum brawl and installation.

	COST RANGE				COST RANGE
20'	$ane,250 -	$1,725		xl'	$2,825 -	$ 3,825
25'	1,550 -	two,125		l'	four,300 -	v,700
thirty'	ane,975 -	2,600		70'	ix,825 -	12,425
For sectional, lightweight steel poles, deduct eighteen%. For fiberglass poles, add ten%. For an ornate base or tiptop, add $350 to $ii,300 each. For internal halyards, add $900 to $1,950. For aluminum nautical yardarms, add $one,050 to $2,075 each.

BRIDGES

The following square foot costs are national averages derived from numerous bids and contracts. The costs were trended to the present appointment and converted to the national base past the Local Multipliers. The high and low 5% of the cases in each category were then discarded to arrive at the reasonable high and depression figures listed. The medians are derived from the total number of cases in each category.

DESCRIPTION	Low COST	MEDIAN	Loftier Price
Highway, physical	$ forty.25	$ 71.fifty	$126.25
steel	44.50	79.25	140.75
Pedestrian, concrete	46.25	103.00	228.75
steel	46.75	109.25	254.l
Skyway, enclosed walkway	250.00	300.00	365.00

Annotation: Bridge costs tin vary significantly depending on the type of construction, zipper and height, span and size of deck. Skyways accept varying requirements for H.V.A.C., lighting, sprinklers, enclosure and roof construction. Encounter Department xv.
For lite, prefabricated wood or steel foot-, golf-cart-, etc., type bridges, come across Department 67, Page 2.

RAILROAD SPURS

Average costs per linear foot for a 500-foot spur. Costs include track, ties, ballast, spikes and alignment. Low-end costs represent track replacement or installing used rails. Costs of turnouts are an additive to the rail price.

Add 2% for each 100 feet of track under 500 feet.
Deduct 2% for each 100 feet of rail over 500 feet (25% maximum deduction).
Add together $3,200 for bumpers. Add together $eleven,650 for crossing signals.
Add $75 per linear foot for 9' concrete roadbed. Add $270 for crossing timbers.
Add $750 per pair for wheel stops.

WEIGHT OF RAIL (pounds per yard)	SIZE OF Track (base of operations ten top)	Cost INSTALLED (per foot of track)		Add together FOR SWITCH AND TURNOUT
40#	3 one/2 x iii one/2	$44.50 -	$ 56.50	$xv,500 -	$xix,750
60#	4 1/4 x 4 1/4	56.25 -	seventy.50	19,000 -	23,500
80#	5 x 5	66.50 -	82.75	21,750 -	27,500
100#	5 iii/8 ten vi 5/8	76.00 -	93.25	24,250 -	thirty,750
115#	v 1/2 x 6 5/8	82.fifty -	100.75	26,500 -	33,000
130#	half-dozen ten 6 three/4	88.50 -	107.75	28,500 -	35,500

YARD IMPROVEMENTS

QUANTITY DEDUCTIONS

For large installations of fencing or walls, such as industrial or subdivision uses, farms and highways, deduct the following:

400 - one,000 linear feet	5%		3,000 - 6,000 linear anxiety	15%
1,000 - 3,000 linear anxiety	10%		over half-dozen,000 linear feet	20%

CHAIN LINK FENCES

Average cost per linear foot of galvanized steel fence, including consummate installation on 2" round or "H" posts set in concrete, 10' on centers. Rails, spinous wire and gates are given as additives to the base costs. Gates are priced on a per-gate ground.

	HEIGHT
TYPE OF MATERIAL	iv'	6'	8'	10'	12'
two" mesh, #vii wire	$8.45	$12.forty	$16.15	$19.80	$23.50
#nine wire	7.25	ten.lx	thirteen.95	17.25	twenty.45
#11 wire	6.25	9.05	11.ninety	14.70	17.45
Add together for rails	i.45	ane.45	i.50	i.50	ane.50
Add for 3-strand barbed wire	one.80	1.lxxx	2.05	2.05	2.05
Add for barbed coils	seven.00	seven.00	seven.45	7.45	seven.45
Add together for privacy slats	4.25	half dozen.45	viii.70	11.fifteen	13.35
Add together five% to 15% for aluminum or vinyl-covered wire. For fabric air current screen, add $ .35 - $ .65 per foursquare foot.
Gates, iii' wide	165	210	250	-----	-----
v' wide	215	295	365	440	-----
10' wide	355	440	510	580	650
15' wide	445	575	675	755	840
twenty' wide	550	695	810	930	1,020
25' wide	-----	-----	865	ane,000	i,095
Add 25% for sliding gates.

SECURITY GATE TURNSTILES
(Cost each, including installation.)

	COST RANGE
1-manner, transmission functioning, galvanized	$3,800 -	$4,450
aluminum	5,100 -	6,800
stainless steel	6,600 -	7,950
pedestal-type arm turnstile	975 -	2,850
Add 100% for tandem gates, 25% for polycoated gates, thirty% for electrically operated gates.

Metallic FENCES, RAILING AND GRILLS
(Toll ranges per square foot.)

Hand forged wrought atomic number 26 or modular, steel or aluminum	$4.fifty -	$13.75
Gates	vii.00 -	16.75
Add for statuary anodized or powder coated	iii.25 -	six.75
For window grills and ornamental driveway gates, see Department 55. Custom ornamental work can run 2 to three times the listed costs.

KENNEL RUNS
(Cost ranges per square pes of fencing.)

Wire mesh on steel posts (wall expanse)	$ 2.ten -	$ three.95
Mesh cover (roof area)	ii.70 -	iv.85
Add for gates, each	110.00 -	210.00

MASONRY WALLS

(Price ranges per square pes, including normal foundations.)

	COST RANGE
4" physical block with pilasters, reinforced	$ v.threescore -	$ 7.05
half dozen" physical block, reinforced	6.50 -	8.05
viii" concrete block, reinforced	half dozen.90 -	9.30
half dozen' block piers or pilasters, each	85.00 -	225.00
Ornamental screen block	5.75 -	ix.35
Add for each wythe of face up block	.65 -	i.90
Add together for stucco finish, each side	ane.65 -	ii.seventy
Common brick, viii" thick	12.45 -	xvi.ten
8" cake redundancy	10.60 -	14.25
add together for each additional 4" thickness of common brick	three.30 -	4.85
6' brick piers or pilasters, each	165.00 -	675.00
Add for each wythe of face brick	1.55 -	two.40
Concrete, precast, posts and solid panels	5.10 -	9.35
Add together for wood grain or split face	i.l -	3.lx
Notation: For calorie-free residential subdivision installations using unskilled laborers, costs may exist fifty% lower.
For retaining walls, gabions, see Section 51. For rock walls, see Section 56.

CONCRETE RAIL FENCES
(Cost ranges per linear foot of post and carve up runway prefabricated concrete fences, installed.)

iv' high, i runway	$ v.05 -	$ vii.50
5' high, ii rails	7.25 -	11.25
half-dozen' high, three rails	ten.10 -	15.15
half dozen' high, 4 rails	12.45 -	eighteen.85

BALUSTRADING

Precast stone balustrading found in ornamental railings around pools, patios, garden paths, stairs, etc., volition cost $120 to $380 per linear foot installed, excluding urns, statuary, etc. Because of the various styles and lengths of balustrades, costs should be congenital up individually.

UNIT COSTS
Pier shaft, pedestal, pilaster, etc. (including cap and base), each	$ 115 -	$i,260
Gate, argue piers, 8' each	ane,450 -	8,950
Plinth or bottom rails, per lin. ft.	20 -	40
Baluster, each	70 -	235
Ornamental block parapet screening, per lin. ft.	55 -	90
Top rail, per lin. ft.	40 -	55
add for lighting under runway, per lin. ft.	40 -	55
For curved or stepped balustrading, add together 120% to 150% to the price.
For finials, urns, vases, statuary, etc., see Folio 8. For lanterns, see Page v.
For high-density foam polymer plastic, deduct 25% to 65%.

TRASH ENCLOSURES

Masonry-walled dumpster enclosures, each

$1,400 -

$2,800

CONCRETE EQUIPMENT PADS

Package air conditioning compressor pads, each	$ 115 -	$ 335
Transformer pads, reinforced, each	440 -	ane,115

YARD IMPROVEMENTS

Woods FENCES
(Cost ranges per linear foot including complete installation.)

Blazon	Cost RANGE
four' solid prefabricated panels, lattice top	$10.10 -	$14.25
vi' solid prefabricated panels, lattice top	12.30 -	17.ten
6' solid board, horizontal or vertical	13.00 -	19.65
5' solid board	11.85 -	17.60
Add for batts	one.15 -	iv.twenty
6' split redwood, solid palings, (grape stake)	12.75 -	20.twenty
5' split redwood	12.05 -	18.10
half-dozen' stockade, half pole	nine.75 -	12.95
whole	13.80 -	16.55
6' basketweave	15.thirty -	22.00
5' basketweave	14.80 -	20.70
12" - 24" wood picket	seven.00 -	eleven.40
xxx" - 40" wood sentry	nine.30 -	xiii.lxx
50" - sixty" wood scout	12.75 -	18.ten
24" - 50" lattice, framed	4.90 -	ix.30
Two track, divide, 24" - 36" high	6.45 -	nine.30
Iii rails, dissever, 36" - 48" high	7.10 -	10.35
Four rails, split up, 42" - 54" high	eight.70 -	12.95
Lattice, arbor, per square foot	2.75 -	5.xxx
trellis (no frame)	.45 -	.85
Wooden gates, per foursquare pes	6.95 -	10.threescore
Paint, per square foot, each coat	.25 -	.twoscore
For treated wood, add 10% to the low side of the cost range.

Farm AND RANCH FENCING
(Cost ranges per linear foot, subject to quantity deductions.)

Barbed wire on steel posts, 3 strands	$2.00 -	$two.80
four strands	ii.fifteen -	iii.twenty
v strands	two.50 -	3.35
Wire mesh on steel posts	2.55 -	3.threescore
Add for wooden posts	.thirty -	.40
For stock corrals and fencing, see Section 17.

VINYL FENCES
(Toll ranges per linear foot including installation.)

vi' spaced slat panels	$15.00 -	$28.50
4' - five' spaced slat panels	14.00 -	25.75
5' basketweave	20.50 -	34.00
6' solid lath panels	16.00 -	29.75
four' - 5' solid lath panels	14.75 -	26.75
For lattice top, add	iii.00 -	4.75
36" - 48" picket	x.00 -	17.75
24" - 50" lattice, framed	5.50 -	10.75
Ii rails, 36" - 48" high	7.00 -	10.25
Three rails, 60" high	eight.75 -	12.00
4 rail, threescore" high	nine.25 -	13.50
Lattice, arbor, per square foot	3.00 -	6.25
trellis (no frame)	.70 -	1.25

	Meridian
Gates, each	3'	iv'	five'	6'
iii' wide	$185	$195	$210	$240
4' wide	195	205	225	270
v' wide	210	215	290	305

OUTDOOR LIGHTING

	LOW	AVERAGE	High
Floodlights, per fixture, loftier-pressure sodium	$ 675	$ 950	$ ane,375
mercury vapor	575	800	1,125
metal halide	650	900	1,300
fluorescent or quartz-iodine	550	650	775
incandescent	260	345	465
Spotlights or luminaires, decorative, each	105	180	310
underwater lighting	375	600	900
low voltage, residential	xxx	45	85
Poles, steel, per lin. ft. (ornamental, add 100%)	40	55	lxxx
fiberglass	50	70	105
add together per arm bracket (aluminum, add 85%)	55	85	115
Post lantern, residential	125	210	360
decorative pier lanterns	55	170	520
Able-bodied fields (full floodlight system costs): football fields, high school or park, minimum	88,000	110,750	139,750
good lighting	139,750	174,000	217,250
softball diamonds, minimum lighting	31,250	41,000	53,250
good lighting	63,250	79,000	98,250

SCOREBOARDS

The costs per square foot of face are for electronic scoreboards hung or mounted flush on gymnasium walls without extra structure or foundation. Meet Section 64 for pole costs and Section 56 for actress signage.

	Surface area IN SQUARE Feet
Blazon	Under 35		35 to 75		Over 75
Outdoor	$80.00 -	$ 90.00	$45.00 -	$seventy.00	$twoscore.00 -	$45.00
Indoor	90.00 -	125.00	60.00 -	90.00	l.00 -	$70.00

Item	Toll RANGE
Add for each controller	$ 225 -	$ 560
horn	360 -	500
shot clock, penalty timer	840 -	930
dissever game timer, shots on goal	ane,450 -	one,675
separate goal lights	225 -	445

For four-faced scoreboards, add 5% to fifteen% to the single-face costs and employ to the area of all sides.

SOFT MODULAR PLAY SYSTEMS

Modular play systems are constitute in fast food chains, retail stores and pay-per-play amusement centers. Generally they consist of a padded tube frame, internet walls, padded floors and a diverseness of playing components. The following costs are typical cost ranges for most common systems and include assembly.

Ball baths, including frame, shoe cubby, entry/exit tubes and pads.
half-dozen- to 10-user capacity	$ 4,000 -	$ 7,750
xv- to 25-user chapters	9,000 -	17,250
30- to 50-user capacity	14,500 -	38,750
add for super slide, per unit	3,200 -	4,925
brawl hoop, per unit	625 -	1,350
bumper bridge, per unit of measurement	4,250 -	8,000
Air bounciness, 10- to 20-user chapters	17,000 -	27,500

YARD IMPROVEMENTS

RESIDENTIAL Pond POOLS

Costs are averages for gunite pools constructed in frost-complimentary areas with normal soil conditions. Costs include filter, physical coping, i light, steps, ladder and a maximum depth of nine anxiety. Add or deduct 2% for each foot of deviation from the maximum. Custom free-form pools may run 50% to 100% more. A negative edge rim will add ten% to 20% to the costs. For lap pools, enter table using the perimeter. Costs do not include heaters (run across table to the correct). See Pages two and 8 for decking, waterscape, gazebos, etc. Typical decking will add together 20% to 50% (double for spa only or custom pools) to the basic pool cost. Vinyl-lined are in-ground, sand-supported pools.

Size (sq. ft.)	Perimeter (feet)	Typical Cost Range		Size (sq. ft.)	Perimeter (feet)	Typical Cost Range
	60	$12,200 -	$14,200		xc	$eighteen,400 -	$21,700
	65	12,800 -	15,100		95	xix,400 -	22,600
300	seventy	13,800 -	15,900	650	100	20,000 -	23,500
(12 x 25)	75	xiv,500 -	17,000	(xviii ten 36)	110	21,400 -	25,300
	80	15,300 -	17,900		120	22,900 -	27,000
Vinyl-lined	75	11,500 -	12,900	Vinyl-lined	110	15,200 -	17,000
	75	xv,400 -	18,100		100	20,400 -	24,200
	lxxx	16,200 -	18,900		110	21,800 -	26,000
450	85	xvi,900 -	xix,800	800	115	22,700 -	26,700
(15 x 30)	ninety	17,800 -	xx,800	(20 x 40)	120	23,300 -	27,700
	95	18,400 -	21,500		130	24,900 -	29,200
Vinyl-lined	90	12,700 -	14,500	Vinyl-lined	120	xvi,700 -	eighteen,700
	80	16,500 -	19,000		110	23,200 -	27,400
	85	17,100 -	20,000		120	24,700 -	29,200
525	90	18,000 -	21,000	1,000	125	25,400 -	29,800
(15 x 35)	100	xix,500 -	22,700	(xx x 50)	140	27,400 -	32,300
	110	20,900 -	24,300		150	28,800 -	33,700
Vinyl-lined	100	14,000 -	15,700	Vinyl-lined	140	19,500 -	21,800

NOTE: Larger pools will price $30.00 to $35.00 per square foot.
Deduct for lack of filter	$ 425 -	$ 800
add for 2-pump spa system	325 -	1,025
Add for diving stand, rock or board	400 -	800
Add for actress underwater lights, each	325 -	700
Add for fiber optic lighting	775 -	3,100
Add together for extra ladder	285 -	725
Add together for slide	925 -	1,800
Add for puddle lip waterfall, per linear foot	5.50 -	7.25
Add for mosaic tile bottom	ii,100 -	10,400
Add for rockscape grotto	v,200 -	twenty,700
Add for waterfalls, precast	300 -	2,050
Add for swim-up bar	1,550 -	2,600
Add together for automatic cleaner, hydrosweep	450 -	2,100
Add together for automatic sanitation system, chlorinator	80 -	1,150
Add for ozone generator	1,050 -	3,600
Add for ionizer	520 -	2,050
Add for automatic controls (spa only, deduct l%)	1,300 -	3,600
In cold areas and for poured concrete pools and spas add xv% to 30% to gunite costs. For fiberglass pools deduct x% to 20%. For puddle or spa covers and alarms, encounter Solar tabular array. Note: For puddle enclosures and buildings, see Section 67 or Sections eleven and 12.

SPAS AND HOT TUBS

Exterior gunite spas and tubs. For interior installations, add together 5% to xv%.
attached to pool, shared pool equipment	$4,400 -	$ 8,300
detached, including equipment	5,950 -	16,550
portable, self-independent fiberglass or woods units, complete	2,750 -	5,750
acrylic/thermoplastic, single lounge	4,550 -	vii,600
double lounge	five,550 -	10,600
redwood hot tubs	1,800 -	five,450

ABOVEGROUND POOLS

The costs are for residential, ground-level, metal framed, round, plastic-lined pools including filter and pump. Encounter Page 2 for decking.

12' diam.	$1,250 -	$i,500	21' diam.	$ii,150 -	$three,000
15' diam.	one,650 -	2,400	24' diam.	2,400 -	iii,500
18' diam.	2,000 -	ii,800	27' diam.	two,800 -	4,050
For rectangular shaped pools, deduct fourscore% from the residential gunite puddle table.

AQUATIC EXERCISE POOLS

The costs are averages for 8' ten xviii' residential, fiberglass, stationary lap or aquatic exercise pools, with a 5-HP paddlewheel propulsion organisation, pump, filter and electric heater. Run into Page 4 for decking. (For pool jets only, deduct xv% - 25%.)

DEPTH	COST RANGE
42", flat floor	$12,500 -	$31,000
50", side wall water return channels	15,500 -	35,500
60", deep water running platform	17,250 -	44,500
Add for natural gas heater in lieu of electric heater	595 -	1,035
Add together for custom fit thermal blanket	140 -	520

SOLAR POOL AND SPA HEATING EQUIPMENT

The following are boilerplate installed costs for consummate solar puddle heating systems, per panel. Costs include collectors, valves, racks for flat mounting and up to 200 feet of PVC solar-loop piping. The systems utilize the existing puddle pump and filter.

Type OF COLLECTOR	1 TO 10 PANELS		10 OR More than PANELS
Plastic (unglazed)	$ 525 -	$ 675	$475 -	$ 650
Metal (unglazed)	650 -	825	575 -	725
*Metallic (glazed)	1,000 -	1,225	900 -	one,125
Rubber mat	$viii.00 to $12.00 per sq. ft. of total panel area

	Price RANGE
Add for panel racks, to enhance panel angle, per panel	$195.00 -	$ 260.00
Tedlar panel covers, per panel	40.00 -	60.00
Pool solar blanket (bubble mesh), per square foot	.25 -	1.50
Pool safety cover, per foursquare human foot	1.75 -	4.fifty
Automatic puddle embrace, per square foot	vii.00 -	16.00
Pool alarm arrangement, complete	285.00 -	1,300.00
Insulated spa covers, per square pes	6.00 -	17.50
Copper piping for solar loop; add 20% (except for glazed metal panels).
*Glazed collectors are enclosed with glass and include copper pipe to and from the collectors.

Chiliad IMPROVEMENTS

POOL HEATERS

Costs are averages of installed costs for gas or electrical pool heaters. Costs do not include a base or pad. Estrus pump systems cost $iii,150 to $4,550 each. Minor electric spa heaters (5 to 10 kw) price $525 to $650 each.

GAS					ELECTRIC
Output	Price	Output	Cost		Output	Cost	Output	Price
l MBH	$ 850	150 MBH	$1,400		x KW	$1,500	25 KW	$2,000
75 MBH	one,000	250 MBH	2,000		15 KW	1,750	l KW	2,550
100 MBH	i,150	500 MBH	2,850		20 KW	1,900	75 KW	three,400

COMMERCIAL SWIMMING POOLS

The big recreational pools found in parks, schools, hotels, etc., vary widely in terminate, structure and equipment, but the following costs will give a good approximation. Costs are for poured concrete and stainless steel pools and include chlorinators, filters, heaters, boards, ladders and coping. The finest-quality, poured physical, Olympic contest or municipal pools may run 100% above listed costs. Decks and bathroom houses should be computed separately.

SIZE (square feet)	POURED Physical POOLS	TYPICAL COST RANGE (per foursquare human foot)
ane,000 - ii,000		$44.00 -	$56.25
2,000 - 4,000		41.75 -	52.75
four,000 - 6,000		40.50 -	50.50
6,000 - 8,000		39.75 -	49.25
Over 8,000		39.00 -	48.00
Add for tiled surfaces		half-dozen.00 -	20.00
Deduct 20% for gunite pools. In winter freeze zones, add 15% to thirty% to pool cost.

STAINLESS STEEL POOLS

Stainless steel walls and recirculation organization with a concrete flooring		$ 96 -	$112
All stainless steel, in-ground		125 -	150
elevated		145 -	195

Portable handicapped admission step platforms with railing and catch bars price $1,700 to $3,150 plus $one,125 for deck storage locker. For water parks and slides, encounter Section 67.

Modest COMMERCIAL POOLS AND SPAS

Motel pools, in areas where codes permit use of residential-type construction and equipment, cost $32.l to $48.00 per square human foot including filters, boards, heater and chlorinator.

For apartments and motels, separate whirlpool baths for four to ten persons, price $5,250 to $fourteen,000, exclusive of decks.

Big MUNICIPAL POOLS

Large municipal pools with bath houses, lighting, fences, decks and all the other features in the consummate circuitous will cost $1,700 to $ii,650 per person of rated chapters.

Note: For Natatoriums, Shower and Restroom Buildings, come across Section 18.

COMMERCIAL PONDS

Physical ponds used for fountain displays and for wading, including filters. Typical depth is 2' to four'. Utilise the low finish of the range for commercial bumper boat ponds.

SIZE (square feet)	POURED Physical PONDS	TYPICAL Price RANGE (per square foot)
Under 500		$11.00 -	$15.00
500 - 1,000		x.25 -	13.50
1,000 - ii,000		ix.75 -	12.50
ii,000 - four,000		ix.25 -	eleven.75
4,000 - 6,000		nine.00 -	xi.fifty
6,000 - 8,000		viii.75 -	eleven.25
Over eight,000		8.50 -	xi.00
Deduct fifteen% to 25% for gunite pools.
Deduct 20% to 30% for fiberglass sides, free-formed.
Deduct 35% to 45% for vinyl lining.
In winter freeze zones, add 15% to xxx% to pool cost.

FOUNTAINS

Following are boilerplate costs for indoor or outdoor decorative water displays, consisting of circulating h2o with various spray designs and lighting. Costs include nozzles, spray rings, jets, pumps, drain, overflow system, h2o-supply arrangement, submerged lighting and wiring, control panel and wind control where needed. Pool is not included; encounter pond or conventional pool costs. Costs vary greatly due to display size, water flow rate, (commercial, 70 to 1,000 gallons in move) and complexity of the spray design.

	Low	Boilerplate	GOOD	HIGH
Residential fountains	$one,750	$ three,750	$ eight,250	$19,000
Commercial fountains	nine,250	twenty,000	42,750	95,000
Fiberglass bowls, ten" deep, upward to fifty gallons	350	450	575	725
Fiberglass pools, 8" - xvi" deep, up to 500 gallons	675	875	ane,100	ane,425
Birdbaths, sundial pedestals, etc.	215	340	530	835
Precast stone, two tier, 3 1/two' - 4 one/ii' diam.	650	750	900	ane,050
three tier, four 1/2' - 7 ane/two' diam.	775	1,275	2,125	3,500
medium pool, upward to 11' diam.	three,750	4,875	6,350	eight,250
large pool, upwardly to 26' diam.	v,250	7,250	9,750	13,500
add together for pool fountain centerpiece	550	1,175	2,475	5,250
Sculptures, contumely, nether 1' or wall mount	30	50	75	120
medium figures	145	240	375	600
large, 2' - iv' high (sundials, spheres, etc.)	800	ane,400	2,400	iv,000
precast rock, under 1' or wall mount	160	205	255	325
medium figures, urns, vases, jardinieres	250	475	900	1,725
big finials, pinnacles	375	725	1,400	2,700
large, 2' - 4' high	700	1,325	two,500	iv,750
over iv' high	iii,500	iv,400	5,500	7,000
Recirculating pump and tubing, residential	75	110	160	230

AERATORS

Aerators pull oxygen-scarce h2o from depths of ponds and lakes and propel it equally small droplets in the air to improve water quality. They help to remove algae without the use of chemicals or herbicides. Costs include floating unit, propeller pump, basic control box, 100' power cable and installation. Add 15% for iii-stage equipment.

Single phase pump, ane/2 HP	$2,000	$two,500	$3,100
one HP	2,375	2,925	3,625
ii HP	2,675	3,275	iv,025
iii HP	3,525	4,225	5,050
5 HP	3,900	4,800	5,900
Add together for lights	825	1,225	1,700

YARD IMPROVEMENTS

LANDSCAPING

The foursquare foot costs beneath are to be applied to the entire landscaped area and are used when actual unit pricing is non viable. Costs for new landscaping will vary greatly due to the number of variables involved. The cost ranges include soil preparation and some postinstallation maintenance commensurate with the quality, excluding extremes.

Low-Toll areas accept a minimum number of i- to v-gallon shrubs, small trees and ground- embrace plants proportioned for a light visual issue, manual irrigation and seeded backyard.

Average-Toll areas include an average number of 3- to v-gallon shrubs, small-scale to big trees, closer spacing of small-scale ground-cover plants, automated irrigation and seeded backyard.

Loftier-COST areas will have a high visual content of 5- to 15-gallon shrubs, a greater proportion of large trees, closely spaced groundcover with acme dressing, automatic irrigation, seeded lawn and sodded turf areas.

For pathway costs, see golf course unit costs in Section 67.

AREASOCCUPANCIES	Depression	Boilerplate	High
Modest areas: single-family dwellings including multiple/residential developments	$ 2.95	$ 3.90	$ 5.15
Medium areas: role complexes, shopping centers, etc.	2.lx	three.45	4.sixty
Large areas: industrial parks and educational/ institutional facilities	1.xl	1.85	2.40
Unit of measurement COSTS
Soil preparation, per sq. ft., fine grading	$ .11	$ .16	$ .23
mulching	.15	.27	.48
meridian dressing or bedding	ane.55	1.85	2.xx
Lawns, per sq. ft., seeding, with dressing	.18	.26	.38
hydroseeding only	.06	.xi	.21
sodded	.35	.59	1.00
Ground embrace, per sq. ft., gravel or woods chips	1.10	1.45	1.85
spreading plants	.forty	.65	ane.fifteen
Edging, per lin. ft., masonry	9.00	xi.50	15.00
bandage rock	13.00	14.l	xvi.25
metal	2.00	3.10	4.lxxx
redwood	1.55	2.x	ii.xc
timber or ties	3.50	five.15	vii.65
Shrubs and hedges, each, minor	nine.00	12.25	17.00
medium	22.00	31.50	45.00
big	68.00	95.00	130.00
Trees, each, small fifteen gal. - 20" box	60.00	115.00	225.00
medium, 24" - 36" box	265	430	700
large, 42" box and larger	700	ane,150	ane,900
Tree grates, including frame, per sq. ft.	15.00	20.00	26.50
Planter boxes, per sq. ft., concrete, precast	fourteen.00	28.00	55.00
cast rock, ornate troughs	175.00	250.00	325.00
fiberglass	25.00	fifty.00	xc.00
forest	55.00	90.00	150.00
Planters, each, round, concrete, 24" diameter	125.00	210.00	350.00
48" diameter	180	300	475
tree size, iii' - 10' bore	725	1,150	ane,750
Bollards, each, forest	35	70	95
concrete	180	350	525
add for lighting	125	170	225

WATERSCAPING

The square foot costs employ to the entire waterscaped area and include excavation, rockscapes and all recirculation equipment. Add together appropriate liner costs for lakes and streams.

	Toll RANGE
	Depression	AVERAGE	Loftier
Lakes or ponds	$ .70	$ 1.50	$ 3.25
Streams	4.00	5.25	7.25
Add for liner, asphalt	one.25	one.85	ii.75
clay	.45	.lxx	1.10
physical	2.65	3.90	v.75
plastic and sand	.75	1.45	2.90
Waterfalls, complete, per sq. ft. of face	28.fifty	38.75	53.00

Backyard SPRINKLERS

Costs per square foot, completely installed, including trenching and backfill. Intricate shrub-blazon strip areas may be twice equally high as conventional systems. For automatic controllers add $95.00 to $130.00 per station.

Conventional, residential and small commercial	$ .40	$ .54	$ .73
commercial, medium areas	.37	.49	.64
Rain Bird or Rain Jet systems, big areas	.27	.31	.36

UNIT COSTS

Sprinkler heads, impact or rotary	$ 25	$ 60	$125
pop-upwardly or shrub	5	12	30
Command valve, manual, ¾" - 1"	xxx	40	fifty
1¼" - 2"	65	80	100
for remote control, add	20	30	40
Gate valve, ¾" - one"	35	45	60
1¼" - 2"	xc	125	175
Valve boxes	xxx	50	fourscore
Atmospheric vacuum breaker, ¾" - i"	40	50	65
1¼" - 2"	75	105	150
Pressure backflow preventer, ¾" - i"	325	350	375
i¼" - ii"	400	475	550
PVC pipage, Schedule twoscore, ½" - ¾", per linear foot	1.00	1.10	one.twenty
1" - 1½"	1.35	1.65	two.00
2"	2.40	two.65	two.90

Demote AND PICNIC UNITS

Park demote, half dozen'	$ 225 -	$1,025
deluxe	900 -	2,100
precast stone	525 -	i,050
ornate	iii,150 -	7,350
Picnic table, 6' portable	255 -	575
stationary	400 -	1,100
wheelchair accessible	600 -	one,325
precast stone	1,050 -	2,625
For 8' units, add	55 -	130
Metal cooking grills	130 -	400
Campfire rings	100 -	200
Trash receptacle with cover	155 -	550
Drinking fountains, outdoor, steel	one,200 -	ii,575
precast concrete	550 -	1,075
add for freezeproof valve	425 -	700
Foot and body shower belfry	675 -	2,300
For outdoor furniture, see Section 65, Page 4.

Thou IMPROVEMENTS

PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT
(Toll each except as indicated)

	COST RANGE
Rest beam	$ 160 -	$ 350
Baseball backstop, with hood	2,100 -	3,950
Basketball game backstop, with pole	725 -	1,425
Bicycle rack, per lin. ft.	40 -	70
Bucketball/funnelball	525 -	675
Carousel, merry-go-round	ane,200 -	iii,700
Chin-upwards bar	180 -	475
Climber, arc	275 -	450
circle	475 -	975
dome	one,075 -	ii,000
tree	325 -	500
Climbing wall	625 -	1,000
Due east-Z digger	325 -	550
Fitness obstacle course, per station	325 -	475
Football goal posts, per pair	one,675 -	3,250
Combination football/soccer goal, per pair	ii,100 -	iv,000
Horizontal ladder, monkey bars	575 -	i,025
Parallel bars	135 -	275
Play platforms	1,375 -	3,600
add per bridge	950 -	1,700
ladder	425 -	575
pole	275 -	400
transfer station, ADA	325 -	550
scramble ramp, ADA	625 -	1,075
screw climber	300 -	475
activity panel	130 -	400
Sand box	350 -	875
Seesaw, per unit of measurement	275 -	400
platform	500 -	925
Sit-up station	425 -	500
Slides, complimentary standing, stainless steel, per unit	975 -	1,675
plastic	1,325 -	two,050
spiral	ii,000 -	iii,700
oval tube	2,575 -	4,275
Soccer goals, per pair	1,675 -	two,675
nets, per pair	125 -	275
Spring rider	325 -	500
Jump platform	400 -	750
Swing, tire	800 -	1,250
Swings, per unit of measurement	225 -	400
Swinging demote	425 -	950
Tennis posts, per pair	425 -	525
nets	110 -	225
Tetherball postal service	135 -	275
Vault bar	200 -	275
Volleyball posts, per pair	275 -	450
Post ground socket	130 -	160
Whirls, six' diameter	725 -	1,200
8' diameter	1,025 -	1,650
inferior	375 -	625

BARBECUES
(Typical costs of brick or block barbecues, consummate.)

Simple, minimum steel piece of work	$ 325 -	$ 600
Average, electric spit, proficient grill	575 -	1,100
Good, heavy-duty spit, many extras, with sink	i,000 -	3,250
with stainless steel broiler	one,450 -	3,750
add for stainless steel hood	160 -	500

Demolition

Costs presented are average costs of removal per square foot of total edifice floor surface area, except every bit noted, including loading and hauling, but not dump fees. It is too causeless that the materials have no salvage value. For private unit costs, see next page.

Costs for removal vary profoundly depending on the size and complication of the job and extent of contamination regarding chancy materials. The following cost ranges are in some cases based on one or only a few removal projects and should exist considered as very crude guides. Due to the number of variables involved, nosotros would propose that, wherever possible, survey, bid or contract costs exist obtained.

BUILDING Demolition
(Cost range per square foot)

Form A:	$three.25 - $4.eighty		Form D:	$2.fifteen - $ 3.35
Course B:	four.20 - 5.eighty		Class S:	2.00 - 3.25
Form C:	2.60 - 3.80		Gutting only:	4.50 - fourteen.00
Small residences (approximately 1,000 - 1,500 sq. ft. per floor):

1-story: $ii,250 - $5,000

2-story: $3,000 - $7,000

3-story: $3,750 - $8,500

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL REMOVAL

RADON REMOVAL: Residential basement ventilation retrofit costs $625 - $950 for a passive exhaust pipe ventilation organisation plus $210 - $340 for agile fan and alarm.

ASBESTOS REMOVAL:	LOW COST	Average	GOOD	High Price
Full abatement	$14.75	$20.00	$27.25	$37.00
Spot removal	5.75	7.75	10.25	thirteen.75
Encapsulation	1.05	1.40	1.eighty	2.35

Atomic number 82 REMOVAL:
Full abatement	$ 6.25	$ 8.00	$10.25	$thirteen.25
Spot removal	5.25	vi.25	7.fifty	9.00
Encapsulation	1.85	two.35	three.00	three.85

GRAFFITI REMOVAL:

$ .70

$ .lxxx

$ .xc

$ 1.05

SITE DECONTAMINATION: Biological soil remediation costs accept averaged $70 per cu. yd. for land treatment (tilled soil-conditioning farming), $120 per cu. yd. for bioventing vapor extraction (air stripping and soil treatment) to $195 per cu. yd. for full bioreactor treatment (active slurry-aeration mixing), with costs having varied plus or minus 50%.

SEISMIC RETROFITTING

EARTHQUAKE (HURRICANE) REINFORCEMENT: Consummate foundation anchorage retrofit for small (approximately 1,000- to ane,500-foursquare-foot) raised-floor residences costs $2,150 to $4,250.

UNIT COSTS	COST RANGE
Sill plate anchors (6' o.c.), each	$ 26.00 - $ 37.00
Rim joist anchoring (ii' o.c.), each	19.00 - xxx.00
Pier joist straps, each	17.00 - 40.00
Cripple, shearwall capsule, per sq. ft.	i.05 - 2.10
Truss/rafter ties, each	26.00 - 42.00
Axle anchors, each	37.00 - 80.00
masonry structure	160.00 - 315.00

Demolition

Unit COSTS
(Costs per square foot except where indicated)

These costs are of necessity very general and practise not include hauling or dumping charges. Private small jobs may involve a trade minimum that can run from $55 to $315. For detailed costs, we would recommend using our repair and claims products. For complete building demolition, see previous page.

YARD	COST RANGE
Paving, asphalt	$ .29 -	$ .44
physical, unreinforced, 2" - half dozen"	.40 -	i.45
reinforced, 4" - 6"	.80 -	1.95
Curbing, asphalt, per lin. ft.	1.20 -	1.55
concrete	4.00 -	iv.75
Fencing, chain link, per lin. ft.	1.twenty -	one.75
wood	1.30 -	1.lxx
masonry	8.80 -	16.40
Pipage, upwardly to half dozen", per lin. ft.	two.45 -	4.45
Underground tanks, v,000 gal. minimum and up, cost per gal.	.09 -	.12
add for leak abatement and disposal	.60 -	1.45
Dumpster costs, per week, per cubic 1000, up to 10 cubic yards	21.00 -	45.00
For site clearing, see Department 51.

BUILDING
Foundation, concrete, stalk wall	$ seven.l -	$13.75
basis, per linear human foot	5.90 -	9.00
Exterior wall, frame	.75 -	2.85
masonry	ii.20 -	five.twenty
Floor, slab on form, plain	1.30 -	2.75
reinforced	ii.10 -	4.35
wood	.forty -	.95
concrete, elevated (deck fill only, deduct 70%)	3.50 -	5.75
elevated, half dozen" - 12"	6.45 -	12.x
Floor encompass, rug	.eleven -	.xvi
wood	.46 -	1.08
resilient	.nineteen -	.40
tile, ceramic/quarry	.88 -	i.xxx
Partitions, studs (simply)	.28 -	.53
drywall	.38 -	.eighty
plaster	.51 -	.92
concrete block	1.xxx -	iii.60
Cabinetry, per linear human foot	5.25 -	8.50
Ceiling, drywall	.twoscore -	.76
acoustic tile	.22 -	.62
plaster	.52 -	.82
wood	1.00 -	1.85
Insulation	.11 -	.59
Roofing, composition/woods shingles	.25 -	.39
built-upwards	.38 -	one.01
tile, concrete/clay	.29 -	ane.30
roof sheathing, spaced boards	.22 -	.28
solid	.53 -	i.63
Building (Continued)	COST RANGE
Fireplace chimney, masonry, per linear human foot	$ eight.50 -	$ 26.00
Appliances, each	43.00 -	130.00
Plumbing, per each fixture	32.00 -	170.00
pipage, up to 4", per lin. ft.	ane.05 -	2.65
HVAC units, each fixture, up to 150,000 BTU	seventy.00 -	265.00
ducts, per lin. ft.	.40 -	3.45
Electrical, light fixture, each	14.00 -	25.00
receptacle/switch, each	2.75 -	half dozen.65
conduit/wire, per lin. ft.	two.xx -	2.90
wire, romex, per lin. ft.	.45 -	.68

AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES Act (ADA) Barrier REMOVAL These costs are per occurrence where applicable.
Enlarge doorways, replace	$ 300 -	$ one,725
add for automatic doorway entries, new	2,900 -	5,000
first hinges or lever handles, supercede	85 -	180
doorknob extensions, new	20 -	xxx
Directional-visual signage, braille (raised markings), excl. posts	xv -	40
visual signal panels, excluding alarm (fume, burn down, etc.)	160 -	235
audible/visual alarms, new	275 -	345
elevator panels, supercede	225 -	900
Elevator cab, add audible or visual point, each	375 -	450
interior panel control, relocate	6,000 -	8,000
replace	8,500 -	13,000
emergency communication system	two,250 -	three,250
Ascertain traffic pattern pace edging, thresholds, mats, new	xx -	165
Power relocation	90 -	140
Restrooms, accessible toilet stalls, replace	350 -	1,125
grab bars, new	45 -	500
raised seats, mirrors, other accessories, new or relocate	95 -	165
handicapped fixtures, drinking fountains, replace	450 -	1,275
relocate sink	350 -	575
insulate exposed hot water pipes (trade minimum, add together $55)	15 -	25
Reconfiguration of piece of furniture, display racks, counter heights, etc.	60 -	350
Emergency egress equipment, handicap lifts, see Section 58.

MISCELLANEOUS

Business firm LIFTING (elevated above flood apparently): Costs $5,250 - $ix,750 for raised floor to $13,750 - $23,250 for slab on grade residences. Add together $5,750 - $xi,500 for fill foundation, $eleven,500 - $19,000 for total-story raised substructure.

HOUSE MOVING (excluding new foundations or utilities): Costs $8,000 - $14,500 for a one-story residence (approximately 1,000 to ii,000 foursquare feet), and $half-dozen,500 - $11,000 for a two-story residence (ground floor area of 500 to ane,000 foursquare feet) up to a 5-mile distance. For masonry structures, add 35% to 50%.

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Source: https://www.swiftestimator.com/SE7Help/CE/help/Miscellaneous/Section66Costs.htm

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